Discomfort in Knee Cap: An Overview of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common orthopedic condition characterized by discomfort around the knee cap, often felt behind or around the front of the patella. This condition affects individuals of all ages and activity levels, particularly athletes who participate in sports that involve running, jumping, and squatting [1].
The exact cause of PFPS is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a result of malalignment or mistracking of the patella within the femoral groove. Other contributing factors include muscle imbalances, excessive Q-angle (the angle between the quadriceps and the line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine and the center of the patella), overuse, and repetitive stress on the knee [2]. Risk factors for developing PFPS may include poor biomechanics, weak thigh muscles, excessive activity, or prolonged periods of sitting.
Individuals experiencing PFPS typically complain of pain, tenderness, and swelling around the knee cap, which may worsen with prolonged sitting, climbing or descending stairs, squatting, running, or jumping. The pain is often described as a dull ache or sharp, stabbing sensation that can range from mild to severe [3]. Diagnosis is typically based on the patient's symptoms and physical examination by a healthcare professional.
Treatment for PFPS aims to reduce pain, improve knee function, and prevent future recurrences. Initial treatment may include rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE). Physical therapy focused on stretching and strengthening exercises for the quadriceps, hamstrings, and hip muscles is often recommended [4]. In some cases, bracing or orthotics may be used to provide additional support to the knee. Surgical intervention is typically considered as a last resort when conservative treatments have failed to provide relief.
Patellofemoral pain syndrome is a common condition that causes discomfort in the knee cap. Understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms, and seeking appropriate treatment can help individuals effectively manage this condition and return to their normal activities as soon as possible.
References:
1. Kannus P, Jozsa B (2014). Patellofemoral pain syndrome. Journal of Orthopaedic Science. 19(5):783-787.
2. Docking BJ, Fithian DC (2006). Epidemiology and etiology of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Journal of Athletic Training. 41(3):273-279.
3. Cook JL, Purdam CR (2016). Patellofemoral pain in adolescents: an overview and diagnostic approach. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 50(8):435-439.
4. Rettig AS, Hewett TE (2011). Return to sport following patellofemoral pain syndrome. Physical Therapy in Sport. 12(4):233-241.